A transformation is an operation that moves or changes a shape in some way to produce a new shape, called the image.

The four main types of transformations are translation, rotation, reflection, and dilation.

Translation is a transformation that moves every point of a shape the same distance in the same direction.

Rotation is a transformation that turns a shape around a fixed point, called the center of rotation, by a certain angle.

Reflection is a transformation that flips a shape over a line, creating a mirror image.

Dilation is a transformation that changes the size of a shape but not its shape, by a scale factor.

Symmetry is a property where a shape is invariant under certain transformations, such as reflection or rotation.