What is the term for 'a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict'?

What is the term for 'the main character' in a story?

What type of irony is demonstrated when you see a pencil but don't pick it up, and later need one in class?

What type of irony is shown when you walk into your least favorite class and say 'I love this class!'?

What is the term for 'all of the characters, usually portrayed by actors' in a play?

What is the term for the background information provided at the beginning of a story?

What is the term for the opposing force in a story, often against the protagonist?